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Record No. 13070 Record ID 013070 Publication type Journal Article Title Coping with Oral Pain: Lay Management Strategies Adopted by Patients Prior to Presentation Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Sofola, O. O.; Uti, O. G. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 59-62 Language English Descriptor Pain; Mouth; Patients; Hospitals, Teaching Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract Objectives:To identify lay measures taken by patients in response to oral pain before seeking professional care and to determine factors leading to demand for professional oral health care.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of patients aged 16 years and above who presented with oral pain at the oral diagnosis clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital was carried out. Data was collected by means of questionnaires which sought information on onset and duration of pain, character, aggravating and relieving factors and actions taken by the patients before presentation at the dental clinic. Results: A total of 215 patients participated. More than half of them described their pain as severe to very severe with 106(49.3) and 21(9.8) reporting sleep disruptions and severe agony respectively. Delay in presentation range from over a month in 56(26) patients to years in 85(39.5). Responses to pain symptoms included, communication with different persons for advice in 192(89.3) and application of at least one lay measure in 183(85.1) patients. Duration and persistence of pain was associated significantly with the use of more than one measure. There was no association between gender or age and the use of lay measures. Use of measures with possible adverse effects like petrol and acid was reported in 5(2.7) of the respondents. Conclusion: Lay strategies in response to oral pain are common in this Nigerian population and appear to be used as an alternative to professional oral health care.

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Record No. 13069 Record ID 013069 Publication type Journal Article Title Acute Oral Toxicity Test and Photochemistry of Some West African Medicinal Plants Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Awobajo, F. O.; Omorodion-Osagie, E.; Olatunji-Bello, I. I.; Adegoke, O. A.; Adeleke, T. L. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 32-36 Language English Descriptor Toxicity Tests; Photochemistry; Plants, Medicinal; Lethal Dose 50 Abstract Background:Although there is increased acceptance and utilization of medicinal plants worldwide, many are used indiscriminately without recourse to any safety test.Thus, the need for toxicity tests to determine the safe dose for oral consumption.Objective: LD and phytochemistry of four medicinal plants 50 of West Africa were investigated.Methods:Thirty male and non pregnant female Swiss albino mice weighing 20grams each were used for this study. They were divided into the Control (C), Oldenlandia corymbosa L aqueous leaf-extract treated (OCG),Parquetina nigrescens aqueous leaf extract treated (PNG), Hybanthus enneaspermus aqueous leaf extract treated (HEG), Ficus carica leaf extract treated (FCG) and Sesamum indicum aqueous seeds extract treated group (SIG). Each group except the control was further divided into four sub-groups of six mice each, and were administered orally, graded doses (SI; 1,2,4 and 8, PN; 2.5, 5, 10 and 20, OC; 5,10,20 and 40, FC; 1,2,4 and 8, HE; 4,8,16,32) of the aqueous extract of each plant (g/kg body weight) after 12hours fasting.Results: The dry aqueous leaf extracts of HE, OC, PN, FC all have dark brown colour and pH ranging from 6.1 to 7.2 while the seed extract of SI has a light brown color with pH of 7.0. Flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanosides, saponin, and reducing sugar were present in all extracts, while cyanogenic glycoside was present only in HE. LD 50 determination results obtained using Thompson and Finney methods were as follows; OC; 14.14 ± 0.27 and 10.56 ± 0.20, PN; 12.60 ± 0.10 and 13.10 ± 0.10, HE; 8.14 ± 0.30 and 8.24 ± 0.35, FC; 3.36 ± 0.26 and 4.00 ± 0.04, SI;4.00 ± 0.10 and 3.10 ± 0.22 respectively (LD values are in 50 g/kg body weight.Conclusion: The results of this study have provided an oral LD from where a safe dose can be 50 chosen for further research into the merits of the consumption of these medicinal plants.

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Record No. 13068 Record ID 013068 Publication type Journal Article Title Patient Satisfaction: a Survey of Dental Outpatients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Orenuga, O. O.; Sofola, O. O.; Uti, O. G. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 47-52 Language English Descriptor Patient Satisfaction; Dental Health Surveys; Outpatients; Hospitals, Teaching Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract Background:Patient satisfaction with dental services has received minimal attention in Nigeria. Quality of service is however, an integral part of any business. The study assessed dental outpatients' satisfaction with oral health care delivery a tertiary institution in Nigeria. The perceptions of the oral health care provider and suggestions that will improve service delivery were also obtained from these consumers. Methods: A modified Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) was used to assess the patients. An aggregate score was also calculated for each respondent for all variables tested under the five items on dental patient satisfaction.The highest possible score was 76, based on the number of items assessed. The cut off point for satisfaction was set at 38. Results: Three hundred patients participated in the study. The items with the top three scores were dentist-patient relationship (respect/listen), rapport and infection control with mean scores of 3.5, 3.4, and 3.3 respectively.The range for the aggregate score for level of satisfaction was 16-68. High level of satisfaction reported in 159 (53) of the respondents and low level in 141 (47). Dissatisfaction was expressed with regards to the infrastructure, electricity/regular supply of water and being treated by unsupervised students in 85.7, 59.5and 89respectively.Conclusions:The overall high level of satisfaction was related to the communication skills and rapport of staff with the patients.There is an urgent need for improvement on infrastructure and provision of a steady supply of water and electricity.

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Record No. 13067 Record ID 013067 Publication type Journal Article Title Cigarette Smoking among Healthcare Professional Students of University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital (Luth), Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Aina, B. A.; Oyerinde, O. O.; Joda, A. E.; Dada, O. O. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 42-46 Language English Descriptor Smoking; Prevalence; Students; Health Personnel; Hospitals, Teaching Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-lagos; Abstract Background:It is aknown fact that health professionals can play a critical role in reducing tobacco use. In fact, it has been shown that even brief and simple advice from health care professionals can substantially increase smoking cessation rates. Students in healthcare professions are future healthcare professionals, identifying and documenting their knowledge, attitudes and practices with regards to tobacco smoking would shed light as to their future effectiveness in providing this much needed public health initiative in their practices. Objective: This research was carried out to determine cigarette smoking habit among healthcare professional students of University of Lagos and Nursing students of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Data was collected by the use of a structured, self administered questionnaire which was aimed at determining their smoking status and their attitudes. The target population was first and final professional year students representing the two class extremes and attempt was made to survey all the students that fell within this identified target population without randomization. Data was collected between March and June 2007 Results: Out of 814 qualified participants, 433 responded to the questionnaire (53). Smoking prevalence was highest among dental students (8.48) while both Physiotherapy and Nursing students had nil prevalence rates. Overall, the current smoking prevalence was 3.93. There was no statistically significant difference between the smoking habits of first year and final year students (p= 0.99). Based on Fagerstrom nicotine addiction test, only a small proportion of the current smokers can be classified as being maximally addicted (6.0). Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that smoking prevalence is low among healthcare professional students at the University of Lagos and this is a good indication that they would play critical role in reducing tobacco use. It is recommended that a tobacco counselling unit should be set up by the school authority.

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Record No. 13066 Record ID 013066 Publication type Journal Article Title Home Management of Malaria by Care Givers of Under-Five Children in an Urban Area in Lagos, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Okafor, L. P.; Odeyemi, K. A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 37-41 Language English Descriptor Malaria; Antimalarials; Home Care Services; Caregivers; Infant; Child, Preschool; Urban Population Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-lagos; Abstract Background:One of the key interventions proposed under the Roll back malaria initiative is improvement of case management of malaria at the home and community levels to reduce malaria burden. This study was conducted to determine the practice and determinants of Home Management of Malaria (HMM) among care givers of children below 5 years old in an urban community in Lagos State, Nigeria. Mehods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2007. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the 340 respondents who participated in this study. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaires and analysed with Epi-info software. A care giver was included in the study if he/she takes care of a child/ children less than 5 years old. Results: The commonest treatment practice by caregivers for their young children with malaria was home treatment with antimalarial drugs [51.5]. HMM was not significantly determined by care givers' age nor educational level. Most children were treated with chloroquine and only a few [4.2] of the children were treated with the recommended drug [ACT]. Overall, only 1.24received adequate treatment. Conclusion: Few respondents correctly practice HMM. There is need to educate care givers of young children on the proper management of malaria at home.

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Record No. 13065 Record ID 013065 Publication type Journal Article Title Pattern of Endodontic Treatment in Children in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Ajayi, Y.O.; Ajayi, E. O.; Sote, E. O.; Olatosi, O. O.; Orenuga, O. O. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 32-36 Language English Descriptor Endodontics; Tooth, Deciduous; Child; Hospitals, Teaching Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and reasons for endodontic treatment in patients aged 16 years and below seen at the Paedodontic clinic of the Department of Child Dental Health of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.Methods: Dental records of patients aged 16 years and below treated for various dental problems at the Paedodontic clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between January 2006 and December 2007 were reviewed to select cases that received endodontic treatment. The survey was conducted to determine the frequency of endodontic treatment for each tooth in the maxilla and mandible, the reasons for endodontic treatment and type of endodontic treatment performed in each tooth. Data on age, sex, endodontically treated teeth, reasons for endodontic treatment and date of treatment was retrieved from the patients' dental records. Results: A total of 2,376 patients were seen during the period of survey, out of which 260 (11) patients received endodontic treatment of three hundred teeth comprising 194 mandibular teeth and 106 maxillary teeth. The primary lower second molar (26) was the most frequently endodontically treated tooth followed by the permanent lower first molar (22). All the primary and permanent molars were endodontically treated due to caries while 62.5and 60of permanent and primary central incisors respectively were endodontically treated due to caries. The other infrequent reasons for endodontic treatment were trauma (5.3) and failed root canal treatment (1.3). Conclusion: The primary lower second molar was the most frequently (26) treated endodontically and the major reason (93.3) for endodontic treatment was caries. Only 5.3of the endodontically treated teeth were due to trauma.

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Record No. 13064 Record ID 013064 Publication type Journal Article Title Analysis of Stillbirths in a Nigerian Mission Hospital Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Onyiriuka, A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 27-31 Language English Descriptor Stillbirth; Perinatal Mortality; Risk Factors Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract Background:In Nigeria, perinatal mortality remains a major health problem with the balance heavily tilted towards the stillbirth component. Knowledge of the relative importance of the different causes of stillbirth is lacking, even in hospital settings.Objective: To determine the stillbirth rate in a Nigerian mission hospital and document its risk factors.Methods: In this retrospective study, the case records of 131 mothers who had stillbirths were studied and the data obtained analyzed. The relevant hospital delivery registers were also examined.Results: Stillbirth rate was 39.7 per 1000 births with 51.9and 48.1being macerated and fresh stillbirths respectively. Antepartum haemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia and prolonged/obstructed labour were the three leading risk factors for stillbirth. Low birthweight babies were also at increased risk of foetal death. Majority (61.8) of mothers whose babies were stillborn belonged to low social class.Conclusion: Our stillbirth rate remains unacceptably high and strategies to reduce it must focus on antenatal and intrapatum emergency obstetric care and early referrals in hospital setting.

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Record No. 12949 Record ID 012949 Publication type Journal Article Title Oesophageal Carcinoma - a Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Olokoba, A. B.; Obateru, O. A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(4) Pages 186-189 Language English Descriptor Carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Case Reports; Hospitals, Teaching; Review Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Ilorin; Abstract Background: Oesophageal carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumour of the oesophagus that arises from the mucosa. It mostly comprises of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction. It is a relatively uncommon finding. Objective: The objective of this case report is to demonstrate two cases of oesophageal carcinoma seen at the gastroenterology unit of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Case report: Two cases of oesophageal carcinoma were seen in the last three years. Two Nigerian males of ages 60 and 69 years respectively presented at our centre with a history of progressive dysphagia initially for solids but later involved liquids, and odynophagia. There was associated history of recurrent regurgitation and weight loss. However there was no heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal swelling, haematemesis or malena. There was significant history of cigarette smoking and intake of alcohol. Barium swallow done, showed shouldering and distal rat tail appearance of the oesophagus. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass in the oesophagus with evidence of malignant tumour, occluding the lumen of the oesophagus making it impossible to intubate the stomach. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen taken at endoscopy showed adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Conclusion: Oesophageal carcinomas are rare findings in Ilorin, Nigeria.

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Record No. 12944 Record ID 012944 Publication type Journal Article Title Analysis of Stillbirths in a Nigerian Mission Hospital Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Onyiriuka, A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 27-31 Language English Descriptor Stillbirth; Perinatal Mortality; Risk Factors Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract Background: In Nigeria, perinatal mortality remains a major health problem with the balance heavily tilted towards the stillbirth component. Knowledge of the relative importance of the different causes of stillbirth is lacking, even in hospital settings.Objective: To determine the stillbirth rate in a Nigerian mission hospital and document its risk factors.Methods: In this retrospective study, the case records of 131 mothers who had stillbirths were studied and the data obtained analyzed. The relevant hospital delivery registers were also examined.Results: Stillbirth rate was 39.7 per 1000 births with 51.9and 48.1being macerated and fresh stillbirths respectively. Antepartum haemorrhage, preeclampsia/eclampsia and prolonged/obstructed labour were the three leading risk factors for stillbirth. Low birthweight babies were also at increased risk of foetal death. Majority (61.8) of mothers whose babies were stillborn belonged to low social class.Conclusion: Our stillbirth rate remains unacceptably high and strategies to reduce it must focus on antenatal and intrapatum emergency obstetric care and early referrals in hospital setting. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 12943 Record ID 012943 Publication type Journal Article Title Potential Health Risks Due To Telecommunications Radiofrequency Radiation Exposures in Lagos State Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Aweda, M. A.; Ajekigbe, A.T.; Ibitoye, A. Z.; Evwhierhurhoma, B. O.; Eletu, O. B. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 6-14 Language English Descriptor Cellular Phone Electromagnetic Fields-adverse effects; Telecommunications Radiation Risk Environmental Exposure Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract Background:The global system mobile telecommunications system (GSM) which was recently introduced in Nigeria is now being used by over 40 million people in Nigeria.The use of GSM is accompanied with exposure of the users to radiofrequency radiation (RFR), which if significant, may produce health hazards. This is the reason why many relevant national and international organizations recommended exposure limits to RFR and why it is made compulsory for GSM handsets to indicate the maximum power output as a guide to potential consumers.Objective:This study was conducted to measure the RFR output power densities (S) from the most commonly used GSM handsets used in Lagos State and compare with the limit recommended for safety assessment.Methods:Over 1100 most commonly used handsets of different makes and models as well as wireless phones were sampled and studied in all over the local government areas of the State. An RFR meter, Electrosmog from LESSEMF USA was used for the measurements.The handsets were assessed for health risks using the reference value of 9 Wm-2 as recommended by the International Commission on Non- Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).Results: The range of the S-values obtained varied from a minimum of 1.294 ± 0.101 Wm-2 with Siemens model R228 to a maximum of 16.813 ± 0.094 Wm-2 with Samsung model C140*. The results from wireless telephones showed very low S-values ranging from a minimum of 0.024 ± 0.001 Wm-2 with HUAWEI and ST CDMA 1 to a maximum of 0.093 ± 0.002 Wm-2 with HISENSE Conclusion: The results showed that the population in Lagos State may be at risk due to significant RFR exposures resulting principally from the use of GSM. Quite a number of handsets emit power above the ICNIRP recommended value. Measured RFR power close to Radio and Television masts and transmitters are within tolerable limits in most cases, only that the public should not reside or work close to RFR installations. Phone calls with GSM should be restricted to essential ones while youths and children that are more susceptible to RFR hazards should be supervised in their use of GSM. Wireless phones are quite safe.

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Record No. 12942 Record ID 012942 Publication type Journal Article Title Antimalarial Prescribing Patterns in State Hospitals and Selected Parastatal Hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Aina, B. A.; Tayo, F.; Taylor, O.; Eniojukan, J. F. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos.Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 20-26 Language English Descriptor Malaria; Antimalarials; Chloroquine Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-lagos; Abstract Background: Malaria is a curable and preventable disease and it is a major public health problem in Nigeria. Chloroquine was the first line drug in its treatment in Nigeria until recently where the Artemisinin based Combination Therapies (ACTs) are being promoted. Inappropriate prescribing i.e. the failure to prescribe drugs in accordance with guidelines based on scientific evidence to ensure safe, effective, and economic use, is an irrational drug use behavior. Increased benefits from chloroquine or a slowdown of progression to resistance could be achieved by improving prescribing practice, drug quality, and patient compliance. Objective: To determine the antimalarial prescribing pattern and to assess rational prescribing of chloroquine by prescribers in government hospitals and parastatals in Lagos State. Methods: The study was carried out in all the ten government General Hospitals under Lagos State Hospitals Management Board (now Lagos State Health Service Commission), one parastatal hospital and one oil company clinic, using patient prescriptions. One hundred prescriptions each for adults and children for each month for a period of one year ( January to December 2000) were systematically sampled. Where there were fewer than 100 prescriptions in a month, all the prescriptions available were sampled for analysis. Results: Average number of drugs per encounter in all the hospitals was 4.259 + 0.009. Average number of injections per encounter was 1.215 + 0.009. About 48.5of all the presriptions had at least one injection while 40.9of the prescriptions had dipyrone injection. Average drug cost per encounter was N 147.40 + 0.765. Percentage of encounters with chloroquine was 82.5followed by sulphadoxinepyrimethamine 14.2. Percentage of prescriptions with correct dose of chloroquine was 47.5Conclusions: Polypharmacy exists in all the hospitals.The average number of drugs per encounter for the majority of the hospitals was above 4 . Less than half of the prescriptions had the correct dose of chloroquine. This study can serve as a baseline for intervention on irrational prescribing

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Record No. 12941 Record ID 012941 Publication type Journal Article Title Twin Delivery: Comparison of Incidence and Foetal Outcome in Two Health Institutions in Benin City, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Onyiriuka, A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos.Medical Society Date of publication 2009 Volume and n° 19(1) Pages 1-5 Language English Descriptor Twins; Pregnancy Outcome; Incidence; Maternal Age; Cross-Sectional Studies Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-benin city; Abstract Background: The incidence of twin delivery in Nigeria may have changed, in view of the worldwide increase in the rates of twinning attributed to increasing maternal age and use of fertility therapies. Objective: To determine the current incidence of twin delivery in Benin City and document the foetal outcome in twins. Methods: A four-year descriptive (cross-sectional) study of twin deliveries in a Nigerian mission hospital was conducted. The foetal outcome in 115 sets of twin was compared with that of 230 singleton controls. Results: The current incidence of twin delivery was 25.3 per 1000 deliveries or one in 40 births, representing a reduction by 24.2. Sex ratio was 0.98 : 1 in favour of females. Seasonal variation was observed in the incidence of twin delivery with a significantly higher incidence in wet than in dry season p

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Record No. 12940 Record ID 012940 Publication type Journal Article Title Pattern of Breast Masses in Lagos: A Private Health Facility Review of 189 Consecutive Patients Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Jeje, E. A.; Mofikoya, B. O.; Oku, Y. E. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(1) Pages 38-41 Language English Descriptor Breast Neoplasms-epidemiology; Breast Neoplasms-diagnosis; Breast Neoplasms-pathology; Health Facilities Retrospective Studies Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract BACKGROUND:The increasing awareness concerning breast cancer has led to significant interest in breast masses in general. As a result there is considerable interest in the clinicopathologic studies of breast masses in various populations. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic pattern of breast masses at a private health facility in Lagos, Nigeria. METHOD: The records of all patients who presented between January 1993 and December 2002 with breast lumps at the Lagoon Hospital Apapa were reviewed. Their biodata, clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis were retrieved. RESULTS: 189 consecutive patients were studied comprising of 180 females and nine males. The peak age incidence for benign disease was 21-30 years while it was 31-40 years for those with malignant masses. Majority (66.1) presented with painless solitary lumps. 46 (77.2) patients had benign lumps while 43 (22.8) had malignant lesions. The commonest benign lesion was fibrocystic disease (47.9) while infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest pathological diagnosis in the malignant group (83.1). CONCLUSION: From this study benign breast masses outnumber malignant ones by more than 3:1 in this population. The commonest pathological diagnosis was fibrocystic disease in benign lesions and infiltrating ductal carcinoma for malignant masses.

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Record No. 12939 Record ID 012939 Publication type Journal Article Title Genito-Urinary System Injuries in Lagos: Pattern and General Treatment Outcome Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Afolayan, M. O.; Tijani, K. H.; Adetayo, F. O.; Mofikoya, B. O.; Jeje, E. A.; Ogunleye, E. O.; Ogunjimi, O. A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 1994-3032 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(1) Pages 32-37 Language English Descriptor Urogenital System; Wounds and Injuries; Accidents, Traffic; Treatment Outcome Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract BACKGROUND: Genitourinary injuries (GUI) are relatively uncommon. Even though mortality from isolated injuries is rare, they are commonly associated with significant and life long morbidity. OBJECTIVE: This study is to assess the pattern of the injuries and the overall short term treatment outcome in our environment. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients diagnosed with genitourinary injuries seen by the Urology Unit through the Accident and Emergency, emergency referrals (or consultations) from the ward or theatre between June 2004 to February 2006 were included in the study. Information collected included demographic data, pattern of presentation, aetiology of injury, type of injury the type of treatment and the immediate outcome. RESULTS: There was a total of 61 injuries in 50 patients. Road traffic accidents was the commonest cause of GUI (58) followed by straddle injuries (18) and iatrogenic causes (12) and miscellaneous (12). The male- female ratio was 6:1. The urethral was also the most commonly injured organ (60.6), followed by the kidney (11.5). The testes were the least injured organs (1.6). The blunt renal injuries and extraperitoneal bladder injuries were managed by non operative means while most other injuries were managed by surgical intervention. Immediate treatment outcome was satisfactory in most patients. There was one mortality. CONCLUSION: Most cases of GUI are preventable. Improved safety on the roads,'proper training of surgeons and attention to clinical and surgical details will go a long way in preventing GUI. Early intervention significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 12938 Record ID 012938 Publication type Journal Article Title The Effects of Varied Intensities of Intrasound Therapy with Indomethacin on the Morphology of the Healing Tendon Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Aiyegbusi, A. I.; Akinbo, S. R. A.; Noronha, C. C.; Okanlawon, A. O. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos.Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(1) Pages 19-23 Language English Descriptor Tendons Indomethacin-therapeutic use; Indomethacin-administration & dosage; Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing intrasound therapy are often concurrently on NSAIDs. The effect of varied intensities of intrasound therapy with NSAIDs on tendon healing is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the effects of a concurrent admistration of low and high intensity intrasound therapy (LIRT&HIRT) with indomethacin (Indocid) on the morphology of the tendon in the early stage of healing. METHODS: Thirty five male rats were divided randomly into seven groups; groups 2-6 underwent an induced crush injury. Group 1, nil injury and nil treatment. Group 2: injury but nil treatment. Group 3: Indomethacin only. Group 4: LIRT only, Group 5: Indocidand LIRT, Group 6: HIRT, Group 7: Indocid and HIRT. Intrasound therapy (IRT) commenced 24 hours post-injury and was given alternate days for the first 10 days post injury. Indocid was given at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg body weight daily. On the 11 day post injury, the animals were sacrificed and the tendons excised and processed for histological study. RESULTS: Indocid significantly (p 0.05) reduced the tenocyte population when combined with LIRT but marginally increased it when combined with HIRT (p 0.05). There was significant difference in the tenocyte population between the combined Indocid and LIRT and the combined Indocid and HIRT groups (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: High intensity intrasound given concurrently with oral indomethacin resulted in tenoblast proliferation and promoted healing in the injured tendon.

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Record No. 12937 Record ID 012937 Publication type Journal Article Title An Assessment of Client Satisfaction with Services at a Model Primary Health Care Centre in Ogun State, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Campbell, P. C.; Olufunlayo, T. F.; Onyenwenyi, A. O. C. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(1) Pages 13-18 Language English Descriptor Primary Health Care; Personal Satisfaction; Hospitals, University Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Ogun; Abstract BACKGROUND: Assessing patient satisfaction with health care is increasingly becoming an integral component of quality monitoring in health care systems. However, studies that have been conducted in this environment often show that clients' perceptions of quality of care from public sector providers are generally low. Timeliness, which refers to obtaining needed care and minimizing unnecessary delays in getting that care, may impact considerably on patients' satisfaction. This study w as designed toexamine how the consumers of services at a model primary health centre in Ogun State, Nigeria, viewed their health-seeking experience, relating this to the level of organization.and timeliness of health services provision. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the satisfaction of clients with services at a model PHC centre at Pakoto, Ogun State, Nigeria. METHODS: The Pakoto model primary health care centre is an outstation of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Idi-Araba, Lagos State. The study was carried out on weekday mornings at the model PHC clinic during the month of June, 2006. Methods of data collection employed were a general observation of clinic activities, and the administration of a modified client flow analysis chart to clients as they exited the health facility. RESULTS: The peak time of arrival of clients was between 9.00 and 11.00 a.m. when the majority (58.5) of clients arrived; the majority of clients (84) exited the facility oetween 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. The highest proportion of clients (33.1) spent 3-4 hours accessing services at the model PHC facility. Good staff attitude topped the list of aspects of service liked most by clients (36), while the aspect of service liked least by respondents was lack of timeliness of services (43). Suggestions for improvement of services included increase in the number of staff and staff training (30) and early arrival of staff to work (13). CONCLUSION: The study concludes that timeliness of services at the primary health care level impacts positively upon the perception of quality of services rendered to clients Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 12936 Record ID 012936 Publication type Journal Article Title Pregnancy Epulis Associated With Life Threatening Haemorrhage in a Nigerian Woman Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Taiwo, O. A.; Adeyemo, W. L.; Ladeinde, A .L.; Ajayi, O. F.; Umeizudike, K.; Ayanbadejo, P. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(1) Pages 10-12 Language English Descriptor Granuloma, Pyogenic; Pregnant Women; Hemorrhage Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract Pregnancy tumour is a clinical term used to identify a pyogenic granuloma that occurs in pregnant women. Pregnancy tumour is not uncommon, but severe bleeding associated with the lesion necessitating blood transfusion is rare. We report a rare case of mandibular gingival pregnancy tumour with a life-threatening haemorrhage in a 25-year-old Nigerian woman. The patient had lost an estimated 2 litres of blood before presentation. Her packed cell volume was 8at presentation. The patient was managed by infusion of fluid, transfusion of 4 units of blood and ligation of the facial artery; and excision of the lesion. Following an uneventful healing, she was discharged 10 days later with a PCV of 40.5. Following subsequent review there was a recurrence 2 months later that regress after 1 month. She was subsequently lost to further follow up.

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Record No. 12935 Record ID 012935 Publication type Journal Article Title Attitudes of Final Year Medical Students towards the Primary Health Care Programme at the University of Lagos, Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Ebuehi, O. M.; Ayankogbe, O. A. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(1) Pages 5-9 Language English Descriptor Primary Health Care; Attitude of Health Personnel; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Students, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract BACKGROUND: In Nigeria, Primary Health Care (PHC) forms the basis for an official health policy aimed at meeting the health care needs of the entire population particularly those in rural areas. Despite the acknowledgement and adoption of the Alma-Ata declaration by most countries, as a strategy for achieving health for all, medical educational systems often remain as ivory towers from the health service system. This traditional system of medical education does not adequately prepare doctors in developing countries for their expected leadership role in meeting the health needs for their communities through primary health care. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at investigating the attitudes of final year medical students towards the PHC programme of the Institute of Child Health and Primary Care of the College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria, with a view to provide a platform for on going medical education restructuring. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional survey . All the two hundred and four final year (600 Level) Medical students (2005/2006 session) of the College were surveyed by means of self-administered questionnaires on PHC programme relevance, structure, timing, quality of instructions received, observed shortcomings and suggestions on ways to improve programme implementation. RESULTS: The results showed that, majority (84) of the medical students admitted that the programme was relevant to their training; in line with their expected leadership role in meeting the health needs of their communities through primary health care; they however indicated that the programme had some areas that were not relevant to this objective. The majority (82.7) of respondents also indicated that terminating their medical education with the the programme in the final year was inappropriate because they felt that, the final year should be spent acquiring clinical skills. They suggested that it should be taught either before the clinical years, or be incorporated into the clinical years. About two thirds (64) of the respondents opined that the programme should not be scrapped but that, through better re-structuring and funding, it could be better implemented to achieve desired objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students complete their undergraduate years with a positive attitude towards PHC but recommended that the implementation of the programme needed to be reviewed to meet the objectives for which it was included in the training curriculum.

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Record No. 12934 Record ID 012934 Publication type Journal Article Title Pattern of Demographic Risk Factors in the Seroprevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies in HIV Infected Patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Akanmu, A. S.; Osunkalu, V. O.; Ofomah, J. N.; Olowoselu, F. O. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(2) Pages 1-4 Language English Descriptor Seroepidemiologic Studies; Toxoplasma; Patients; HIV Infections; Hospitals, University Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria-Lagos; Abstract BACKGROUND:The Apicomplexan protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, is a human parasite, with an ubiquitous distribution. Prevalence of the infection varies widely, depending on cultural, geographic and climatic factors. More often asymptomatic, T. gondii infection may be a severe and life-threatening disease. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody (TIgG) among HIV infected persons at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital PEPFAR site, and the demographic characteristics of the study group. METHODS: 460 plasma specimens were tested for TIgG antibodies by enzyme immuno assay technique and close ended questionnaires were applied on all respondents to obtain relevant data on demographics. Plasma was obtained from two study groups comprising of 380 HIV positive patients and 80 HIV negative adults who served as the control group. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was 30in the immunocompetent control group (37.5of the males tested and 16.7among the females). The over all seroprevalence of TIgG antibody among the HIV positive respondents was 54(206 Of 380). The study therefore showed statistically significant difference between the seroprevalence of TIgG antibody among the immunocompetent control group and HIV positive study group (p = 0.00356). Seroprevalence of TIgG antibody was lowest among the educated subjects (19of subjects with tertiary education). T. gondii antibody seroprevalence for males, married respondents and rural dwellers were 70.4, 72.3and 69respectively, and were all statistically significant at p 0.000. Moreso, a significant association was observed between the seroprevalence of anti toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody and the consumption of beef among the study groups.(P 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Socio-cultural and nutritional habits,contribute significantly to the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis and thus any effective control must be centred around these issues.

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Record No. 12933 Record ID 012933 Publication type Journal Article Title Knowledge of Prostate Cancer Screening among Native African Urban Population in Nigeria Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Ajape, A. A.; Babata, A.; Abiola, O. O. Journal Title Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine ISSN 0189-2657 Place of Publication Lagos Publisher University of Lagos, Medical Society Date of publication 2010 Volume and n° 20(2) Pages 94-96 Language English Descriptor Prostatic Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Knowledge; Urban Population Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract Cancer of the prostate a worldwide public health concern. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and ranked second as the cause of cancer-related deaths.To evaluate the awareness and attitude of the populace to screening for cancer of the prostate.It is a cross-sectional study involving 156 respondents. A structured questionnaire detailing the biodata, the knowledge of cancer of prostate, the practice of screening by prostate specific antigen (PSA) estimation and the readiness to undergo screening by the respondent was used to obtain the set-out objectives.A total of 156 respondents completed the questionnaire and forms the basis of further analysis. The mean age of the respondents is 44.15 (+/- 11.9) years. Majority of the respondents were civil servant (51.9) followed closely by politicians. About 23.1of them have no formal education while 53.8have acquired tertiary education. The result shows that 78.8have never heard any information on cancer of the prostate and only 5.8have heard about PSA. None of the respondents have ever had PSA test done, even once. Eighty four per cent of the respondents are ready to pay for prostate cancer screening test by PSA assay.We conclude that there was remarkable lack of awareness of prostate cancer among the Nigerian native African urban populace. Prostate cancer screening and serum PSA test for screening is globally unknown among them.

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