Database : AIM Search on : Ghana Medical Journal [Journal] References found : 87 [refine] Displaying: 1 .. 20   in format [Detailed]

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Record No. 9067 Record ID 009067 Publication type Journal Article Title Microfinance : an Alternative Means of Healtcare Financing for the Poor Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Ofori-Adjei, A. B. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 193-194 Language English Descriptor Health Planning Support; Public Health; Primary Health Care; Delivery of Health Care; Poverty Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9066 Record ID 009066 Publication type Journal Article Title Surgical Management of Constrictive Pericarditis Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Tettey, M.; Sereboe, L.; Aniteye, E.; Edwin, F.; Kotei, D.; Tamatey, M.; Entsua-Mensah, K.; Frimpong-Boateng, K. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 190-193, tab. Language English Descriptor Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardiectomy; Pericardium; Disease Management Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Background: Constrictive pericarditis is a disease characterized by marked thickening and dense scarring of the pericardium with pericardial sac obliteration, or calcifica- tion of the pericardium. Without treatment this disease is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To review the surgical management of constructive pericarditis and the post operative challenges. Methods: Eleven patients who had pericardiectomy for constructive pericarditis between 2000 and 2005 were studied. Data was obtained from the operating theatre register, histopathological reports and patient's case notes. Results: The mean age was 33 years with a range of 14 to 53 years. There were seven males (63.6) and four females (36.4). Seven (63.6) out of the eleven patients operated were treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The cause of pericardial constriction in four patients (36.4) was undetermined. Follow up period was between 4-59 months. The mean follow up was 17.5 months. Seven patients (63.6) were off diuretics and had no exercise intolerance. Patients were classified using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) n (NYHA) functional and therapeutic classification in class I-V. Two patients preoperatively in class III are now in class I after surgery on low dose diuretics. One patient who had calcific constrictive pericarditis and came in class III was now in class II with diuretics after 3 years of follow up. There was no postoperative mortality. One patient was lost to follow up. Conclusion: Pericardiectomy is a useful procedure for constrictive pericarditis and was beneficial to all the patients in this study with an improvement in their functional capacity. Intensive peri-operative monitoring and management reduced morbidity and mortality. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9065 Record ID 009065 Publication type Journal Article Title Peripheral Vascular Injuries and their Management in Accra Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Aduful, H. K.; Hodasi, W. M. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 186-189, tab. Language English Descriptor Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Arteriovenous Fistula; Aneurysm, False; Wounds and Injuries; Disease Management Descriptor-Geographic Ghana-Accra; Abstract Background: The true incidence of vascular injuries in Ghana is not known on account of low reporting. Objective: We performed a study aimed at reviewing the pattern of injuries to peripheral vessels, and also the pattern of referral, presentation and management of these injuries at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra. Method: The study covered the period of January 1989 to March 2005 and involved a review of all peripheral vessel injuries referred for vascular surgical opinion. Results: Fifty two (52) patients with aged between 13- 50 years were reviewed. Penetrating trauma (82.7) and blunt trauma (11.5) were the commonest modes of injury. Arterial injuries (63.5) and combined arterial and venous injuries (23.1) were the commonest forms of injury. Brachial artery injuries were the commonest injuries seen. Associated nerve injuries occurred in 25 of patients most of whom also had brachial artery injuries. Late presentations of false aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae were seen in 40.4patients. There were delays in referring patients (range 1 hour to 4 years). Vascular investigations like angiograms and duplex scanning were obtained in only 25.0 of patients. Vascular reconstruction was successful in 84.6patients and 7.7of patients required major limb amputation and an equal number of patients died from other injuries. Conclusion: There is undue delay in referring patientswith vascular injuries for intervention due to the inability of the initial attending medical personnel to recognize these injuries. Most of these injuries can be adequately treated without the use of sophisticated investigations, which are usually expensive. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9064 Record ID 009064 Publication type Journal Article Title Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Amponsah, G. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 181-185, tab. Language English Descriptor Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Surgery; Analgesics, Opioid; Postoperative Complications; Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most distressing morbidities associated with surgery. Even though the incidence can be as high as 30 elsewhere no work has been done to assess the incidence in any health facility in Ghana. This study was carried out to find out the incidence, risk factors and the management of PONV in a tertiary healthcare facility. Design: This was a prospective study. Setting: The study was carried out in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). Subjects and Methods: All patients above the age of 18 years who had surgery including general surgery were included in the study. Information obtained using a questionnaire included demographic data, the type of anaesthesia, the incidence of PONV and its management. Results: Three hundred and six (306) completed forms out of 322 questionnaires were analyzed. One hundred and six patients (34) had episodes of PONV of whom 82 (77.4) had intra-operative opioids. Of the other factors only age was found to be a risk factor with patients in the 20-49 age group constituting 71.8(p= 0.007). Eleven out of 93 patients who reported the episode to a health worker received medication for their PONV. Drugs used included promethazine and antimalaria. Conclusions: Thirty-four percent of patients in the study had PONV indicating that the problem is not uncommon among post-surgical patients in KBTH. Awareness of the problem should be highlighted and adequate management should be given to all patients. Patients at risk should be identified and appropriate management instituted. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9063 Record ID 009063 Publication type Journal Article Title A Review of Trabeculectomies at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Adegbehingbe, B. O.; Majemgbasan, T. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 176-180 Language English Descriptor Glaucoma-therapy; Trabeculectomy Intraocular Pressure Review Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract Background: Trabeculectomy is the commonest surgical procedure for glaucoma. The outcome of trabeculectomy in the treatment of all types of glaucoma over a 4-year period in a Nigerian population was reviewed. Objective: To determine the surgical rate and effectiveness of trabeculectomy in lowering of intra ocular pressure (IOP) and preservation of visual acuity. Methods: Retrospective review of all trabeculectomies (TEs) done at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife between January 1999 and December 2002. The outcome of trabeculectomy was correlated with the biomicroscopic appearance of the filtering bleb, visual acuity and IOP levels. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data. Results: Of the 647 glaucoma patients only fifty-three (8.2), 34 males and 19 females, had trabeculectomy done during the study period. Seventy-two consecutive eyes of these 53 Nigerian patients were operated upon. Majority, 63 (87.5) were in the primary glaucoma group of which 46 63.9) were open angle glaucoma type. Nine eyes (12.5) belonged to the secondary glaucoma group (neovascular, uveitic and traumatic angle recession). Successful control of intra-ocular pressure with medical therapy was recorded only in 13.9f the patients. The mean pre-operative and first post-operative day IOP were 32.5+/- 6.2mmHg and 10.6+/- 2.3mmHg respectively. Mean post-op IOP at 3 months and one year were 14.6+/- 4.2mmHg, and 13.5+/- 5.8mmHg respectively. One year after surgery 34 eyes (61.8) had intraocular pressure (IOP) of 20mm Hg or less without glaucoma medication. Hyphema 11 (15.3) was the commonest post-operative complication documented. Conclusions: Surgical intervention in the management of glaucoma, especially trabeculectomy is not commonly done in this Teaching Hospital. IOP control with medication alone is not adequate in the long term. A significant proportion of the eyes (61.8) had complete success in IOP control following trabeculectomy Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9062 Record ID 009062 Publication type Journal Article Title Epidemiology of Hospitalized Ocular Injuries in the Upper East Region of Ghana Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Gyasi, M. E.; Amoaku, W. M. K.; Adjuik, M. A. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 171-175, fig., tab. Language English Descriptor Eye Injuries-epidemiology; Eye Injury-prevention & control; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Socioeconomic Factors Primary Health Care Public Health Descriptor-Geographic Ghana-Upper East Region; Abstract Aim of Study: The Upper East is the poorest and most rural region in Ghana and ocular injuries are a major public health problem. This study aims at providing epidemio- logic data on the burden of this problem in order to facilitate the provision of integrated eye care and safety strategies for the prevention of such injuries in the region. Design: A retrospective case series. Methods: Computerized records of all eye injuries admitted to the clinic between January and December 2004 were retrieved and analyzed using the Epi-Info software. Injuries were classified using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology while Snellen visual acuities were classified/ banded using the WHO categories of visual impairments. Results: Ninety six eyes of 96 patients were admitted over the study period. Seventy five percent of the patients were males and 82.3 below the age of 30 years. Half of the patients had to travel beyond 100 km to get ophthalmic assistance. Only one third of the cases reported within 24 hours while 21 reported after one week of their injuries. These delayed periods of reporting showed no statistically significant relationship with the distances travelled to the hospital (p=0.76; chi2 test), nor the eventual visual outcome achieved following treatment. Open-globe injuries were by far the most common (60/96) and were 4.7 times more likely (Chi squared test) to produce poor visual outcome (p=0.02 CL 1.75-12.63). Conclusion: Current eye care strategies do not adequately address the issue of eye injuries in the region. There is the need to provide integrated approach by incorporating primary eye care strategies into the existing primary health care system. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9061 Record ID 009061 Publication type Journal Article Title Barriers to Cataract Surgical Uptake in the Upper East Region of Ghana Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Gyasi, M. E.; Amoaku, W. M. K.; Asamany, D. K. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(4) Pages 167-170, tab. Language English Descriptor Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Treatment Refusal; Socioeconomic Factors; Health Care Costs Descriptor-Geographic Ghana-Upper East Region; Abstract Background: The Upper East Region has one of the highest cataract surgical rates in Ghana. Notwithstanding this, cataract blindness is still a major problem. Aim: To determine patient-related barriers to cataract services in the region and their resolution. Methods: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Indepth interviews were used to explore the opinions of 66 cataract patients resident in the region between July and August 2003. Purposeful sampling was used in selecting 24 patients in the hospital while a Snowball sampling method was employed on 42 respondents resident in the village communities Results: Average age of the respondents was 67.6 years with equal proportions of males and females (0.9:1). Twelve and fifteen percent of respondents respectively cited fear and lack of escort as barriers to service up-take while 8and 9pointed to sociocultural beliefs and the fact that they were able to cope satisfactorily with their disability. Only 1.5of respondents gave lack of awareness as a barrier with none citing geographical barrier as a problem. Cost of surgery, however, stood out clearly as a very significant barrier with 91of respondents attesting to it. Conclusion: It is concluded that further expansion of outreach services, coupled with a more intensive health education is needed to overcome these barriers. Electronic Access :  Full Text-1

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Record No. 9060 Record ID 009060 Publication type Journal Article Title Population Based Reference Intervals for Common Blood Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in the Akuapen North District Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Koram, K. A.; Addae, M. M.; Ocran, J. C.; Adu-Amankwah, S.; Roger, W. O.; Nkrumah, F. K. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal ISSN 0016-9560 Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(1)160-166, tab., fig. Language English Descriptor Reference Values; Blood Chemical Analysis; Hemoglobinometry; Adult Descriptor-Geographic Ghana-Akuapen; Abstract Objectives : To estimate the reference intervals for commonly used blood haematology and biochemical parameters in an adult (18-55yrs) population of residents of Mampong Akuapem. Design: This was a population based cross sectional study of a randomly selected sample of the adult population of Mampong. The sample was selected from an updated census list of the Mampong area. Results: Median values (95 range) for measured parameters were established as follows: Haemoglobin, (males) 14.2 g/dl (females) 12.0 g/dl Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), (female) 19.6 U/L (males) 26.1 U/L and Creatinine, (males) 108 mmol/L (females) 93 mmol/L. Conclusion: In comparison to reference values that are commonly used in Ghana, the haemoglobulin levels from this study were lower, and liver function parameters higher. This could be a result of genetic or environmental differences and calls for the need to establish site specific reference values applicable to our population Electronic Access :  Full Text-1 Full Text-2 Full Text-3 Full Text-4 Full Text-5 Full Text-6 Full Text-7

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Record No. 8188 Record ID 008188 Publication type Journal Article Title Life-threatening oro-facial infections Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Amponsah, E. K.; Donkor, P. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Date of publication 2007 Pages 33-36 Language English Descriptor Tooth Diseases; Focal Infection, Dental; Infection Control, Dental Descriptor-Local Oro-facial infection Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Four cases of oro-facial infection leading to life-threatening complications are reported. Although all had been treated with antibiotics prior to con-sultation, lack of surgical intervention had allowed the infection to progress. These cases are a re-minder that acute spreading odontogenic infection can be life-threatening. Definitive treatment in-cludes airway management, adequate resuscitation and optimization of pre-existing medical condi-tions prior to removal of the source of infection and drainage of pus. High dose intravenous antibi-otics should be administered, with the initial choice of antibiotics modified in the light of sub-sequent bacteriological reports. The treatment of all odontogenic infections must include removal of the focus of infection, and drainage of pus.

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Record No. 8187 Record ID 008187 Publication type Journal Article Title Extensive groin and perineal hidradenitis suppurativa complicated by high fistula in Ano Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Aduful, H. K.; Paintsil, A. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Date of publication 2007 Volume and n° 41(1) Pages 30-32 Language English Descriptor Hidradenitis Suppurativa-complications; Rectal Fistula-complications; Rectal Fistula-surgery; Descriptor-Local Seton Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Anal fistula is a common cause of perianal sepsis in surgical practice. We share our experience in the management of a high fistula in ano caused by hidradenitis suppurativa an uncommon condition in Ghana.

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Record No. 8186 Record ID 008186 Publication type Journal Article Title Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Turpin, C. A.; Minkah, B.; Danso, K. A.; Frimpong, E. H. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Date of publication 2007 Pages 26-29 Language English Descriptor Urinary Tract Infections Bacteriuria Pregnant Women Pregnancy-complications; Descriptor-Geographic Nigeria Abstract Objective: Symptomatic bacteriuria is common in pregnant women and if untreated could lead to serious complications. Although asymptomatic bacteriuria could also lead to such complications, this fact is not so well known. This study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteri-uria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Kumasi.Design: A prospective study to screen antenatal attendants for asymptomatic bacteriuria.Setting: The study was undertaken at KATH.Participants: All pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at KATH, Kumasi between February and April 2003 and who agreed to enter the study were clinically evaluated to exclude signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods: Samples of 10-15ml urine were exam-ined for pus cells, bacteria and parasitic ova. The samples were further cultured on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and colony counts yield-ing bacterial growth of 105/ml or more of pure isolates were deemed significant.Results: Of the 220 pregnant women, 16 had sig-nificant bacteriuria giving a prevalence rate of 7.3. The highest age-specific prevalence was found in the 35-39 year-olds (13) and the lowest in the 15-19 year-olds (0.0). There was no sig-nificant difference in prevalence with increasing parity. The dominant bacteria isolates were E. coli (37) and Staph aureus (31).Conclusion: The prevalence of asymptomatic bac-teriuria in pregnant women at KATH is 7.3. The predominant organisms are E.coli and Staph au-reus, and most isolates are sensitive to nitrofuran-toin, cefuroxime and gentamicin.

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Record No. 8185 Record ID 008185 Publication type Journal Article Title Low back pain in underground gold miners in Ghana Source of Record WHO Regional Office for Africa, Library, Brazzaville, Congo Author(s) Bio, F. Y.; Sadhra, S.; Jackson, C.; Burge, P. S. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Date of publication 2007 Pages 21-25 Language English Descriptor Low Back Pain; Occupational Diseases Descriptor-Local gold miners Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Background: Biomechanical lumbo-spinal strain and intense physical work are the characteristic hallmarks of mining work. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and pre-disposing factors for Low Back Pain (LBP) among male underground gold miners at the Obuasi gold mine in Ghana. Methods: This is a cross sectional study on 280 male underground gold miners from June to Octo-ber 2001 with a structured questionnaire adminis-tered through interviews. Results: The twelve months prevalence of low back pain among miners was 67The mean age of the workers was 40 years (± 5.6, ranging from 27 to 53 years). Increasing age was significantly associated with low back pain, (P=0.05) OR 2.07 (95 CI 0.99 to 4.34) after adjustment for smok-ing and occupation. Prevalence of LBP was high-est among workers performing engineering (82) duties. Heavy physical work (77), was identified as a major cause of LBP, which could be pre-vented by the use of lifting aids (16). Conclusion: The prevalence of low back pain in this group is comparable with that obtained from other studies in Africa and Europe. Training and education as a means of reducing LBP was sug-gested by just a few of the respondents.

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Record No. 2552 Record ID 002552 Publication type Journal Article Title Staphylococcus aureus causes honeycomb lung in a Ghanaian child. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Arthur, J.T. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 676-77, 679-81, 683 Language English Descriptor Lung diseases; Staphylococcus aureus; Pneumonia, staphylococcal; child Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract This is a case report of Honeycomb Lung seen in an 18 months old Ghanaian child who was on admission for Staphylococcal pneumonia of the right lung. She was initially diagnosed as having a typical right lobar pneumonia and treated with routine antimicrobials used in the Child Health Department of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH). Her failure to respond appropriately, a repeat chest x-ray was requested. This revealed the honeycomb changes in both her lungs. Cloxacillin was added to her medications and postural drainage was recommended. This improved her clinical condition significantly. No other etiology known to be associated with honeycomb lung was detectable in the patient. She recovered completely after six-weeks of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Honeycomb lung has never been reported in the Ghanaian literature.

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Record No. 2551 Record ID 002551 Publication type Journal Article Title Two Ghanaian girls with solitary left kidneys. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Arthur, J.T. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 670-5 Language English Descriptor Kidney-abnormalities; Glomerulonephritis Kidney failure, acute Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Case reports on two Ghanaian girls with congenital solitary left kidneys are presented. Case I presented with an acquired renal pathology - acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). Case II was referred as an acute renal failure (ARF). She was anuric with obstructive uropathy and an intra abdominal left-sided mass. They were both incidental discoveries by abdominal ultrasound and intravenous urogram.

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Record No. 2550 Record ID 002550 Publication type Journal Article Title The anaesthetic management of a case of phaeochromocytoma. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Henderson, K.; Baddoo, H. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 664-9 Language English Descriptor Anaesthetic; Paraganglia, chromaffin; Hypertension Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract The anaesthetic management of a case of phaeochromocytoma is presented. It is pointed out that the number of cases in our environment may be higher than we think and that a high index of suspicion is necessary to pick out cases of phaeochromocytoma from the population of hypertensive patients. In our setting it is often difficult getting the necessary drugs to manage cases of phaeochromocytoma. Limited monitoring equipment may also be a handicap. It is however, pointed out that with attention to care and detail, cases of phaeochromocytoma can be successfully managed in our environment.

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Record No. 2549 Record ID 002549 Publication type Journal Article Title Aspects of the ecology and public health importance of snails in the Weija lake. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Zuta, P.C. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 654-63 Language English Descriptor Snails; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Ecology; Public health Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract A survey was undertaken in water-contact sites of communities on the Weija lake over a 12-month period to update information on the snails in the lake. The study involved the collection of snails with scoop-net from the sediments, floating, marginal and submerged aquatic vegetation and other objects in the lake. All snails collected were identified. Bulinus truncatus, B.(Physopsis) globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi were examined for trematode infection. Nine species of snails were encountered. They were either autochthonous fauna of the River Densu basin or possibly introduced. Four of the snail species encountered: Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus trucatus, B.(Physopsis) globosus and Lymnaea natalensis were of medical and veterinary importance. B.(Physopsis) globosus however, has been unsuccessful in colonising the lake though it was the dominant bulinid snail transmitting S. haematobium before the impoundment. The previously rather rare B. truncatus has become the dominant S. haematobium transmitting snail in the lake. Biomphalaria pfeifferi has also established itself in the lake with the possibility of the introduction and increased transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis. This species succession is likely to heighten schistosomiasis transmission in the lake.

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Record No. 2548 Record ID 002548 Publication type Journal Article Title Will genetic counselling be effective in controlling sickle cell disease in Ghana? Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Rodrigues, O.; Neequaye, J. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 636-43 Language English Descriptor Anemia, sickle cell; Genetic counseling; Knowledge, attitudes, practice Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract The knowledge, attitude and practices regarding birth control were studied in 183 adults with sickle cell disease and 61 parents of affected children in Accra. Knowledge of the aetiology of sickle cell disease was poor. Only 30 per cent of respondents volunteered that it is hereditary while 74 per cent attributed it to environmental causes or disease. When prompted, 75 per cent agreed it was hereditary but 20 per cent thought it came from relatives other than parents. Thirty-three per cent (33 per cent) of parents did not know their genotype, while 36 per cent of married patients and 51 per cent of parents did not know the genotype of their spouses. Only 10 per cent of patients knew their spouses' genotype before marriage. The possibility of transmitting the disease had limited the desired family size in half of married patients, and in 18 per cent of parents. However, 37 and 46 per cent respectively already had 4 or more children. A third of married respondents were using birth control methods. Fifty-eight per cent of unmarried patients were worried about transmitting the disease, and 48 per cent would test a prospective spouse and not marry a carrier. However, 22 per cent stated that the partner's genotype would not alter the decision to marry. While 38 per cent of married patients and 27.8 per cent of parents would consider changing their spouses because of the disease, 3.8 per cent of the married patients and none of the parents had actually done so. It is suggested that better education of the general public and patients about sickle cell disease is necessary for genetic counselling to have an impact on the control of the disease.

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Record No. 2547 Record ID 002547 Publication type Journal Article Title Pre-operative haematological investigation in paediatric patients for elective surgery. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Amponsah, G. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 630-5 Language English Descriptor Hematologic test; Surgery, elective; Child; Preoperative care Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Haematological investigations for 225 paediatric patients aged between zero to 15 years who presented for elective surgery were studied retrospectively over a five-month period. In addition to the Haemoglobin (Hb), the Sickling test and the haemoglobin electrophoresis where applicable were done. Thirty per cent (30 per cent) of the patients had Hb of 10g/dl and below. The lower Hb was found more commonly in the age group zero to 5 years. Eleven (4.9 per cent) patients did not have the Sickling test done. Twenty-three (23) out of 29 patients with Sickling positive had electrophoresis done. The results were 21 AS; 1 SS; and 1 SC. Blood film for malaria parasites yielded positive results in 33 out of 175 (18.9 per cent) patients. There were no immediate anaesthetic complications in any of the patients. The need for minimum test of Hb, Sickling and blood film for malaria parasites are discussed.

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Record No. 2546 Record ID 002546 Publication type Journal Article Title A comparative study of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Jumah, K.B.; Collison, A.K. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 625-629 Language English Descriptor Hysterosalpingography; Laparoscopy; Infertility, female Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract A comparison of Hysterosalpingography (HSG) with Laparoscopy in the evaluation of tubal factor in 105 infertile women is presented. Results of these tests showed agreement for tubal patency in 65.7 per cent of the cases. Both procedures are discussed with their limitations.

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Record No. 2545 Record ID 002545 Publication type Journal Article Title HIV seroprevalence in three population groups. Source of Record University of Ghana Medical Library, Accra, Ghana Author(s) Adu-Sarkodie, Y.; Matke, P.; Appiah; Denkyira, E.; Tetteh, C. Journal Title Ghana Medical Journal Place of Publication Accra Publisher Ghana Medical Association Date of publication 1995 Volume and n° 29 Pages 621-4 Language English Descriptor Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-epidemiology; Population surveillance Sensitivity and specificity Seroepidemiologic methods Descriptor-Geographic Ghana Abstract Many strategies exist for HIV antibody testing. Using a combination of an Enzyme immunoassay and Western Blotting, we found anti-HIV seroprevalence of 1.6 per cent, 1.2 per cent and 34.8 per cent in blood donors, pregnant women and patients with clinical symptoms of AIDS, respectively. Due to worldwide interest in the epidemiology of HIV disease, correct identification of infected people is important. The false labelling of people as seropositive only on ELISA screening has psychological implications. The importance of anti-HIV confirmatory testing when the test objective is diagnosis is stressed.

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