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| Title : | State and trends of woody vegetation cover in the cotton-based farming system zone of Western Burkina Faso | | Authors: | Traore; O.Some; A. N.Traore; K.Nikiema; P. P.Some; K.Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles; Bobo Dioulasso | | Publisher: | Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon | | Publication Date: | 2007 | | Series: | International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences No. 1(1); 43-53 | | Uniform Titles: |
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
| | Layout: | Journal Article | | ISSN (or other code): | 1991-8631 | | Languages : | English | | Keywords: | AgricultureCotton Fiber AgricultureCotton Fiber | | Abstract: | This study was carried out in Bala; a village located in the cotton-based farming system zone of Western Burkina Faso. The objective was to assess the effect of increased cotton cultivation on the spatial dynamics and structural characteristics of the woody vegetation. Using aerial photos; an analysis of the land use for the years 1952; 1981 and 1999 was carried out. An inventory covering 25 smallholders' fields and fallows as well as the vegetation of a protected area (biosphere reserve of hippopotamus ponds) was carried out to evaluate the gradients of tree species richness and density. The results showed drastic changes in land use in Bala between 1952 and 1999. Cultivated areas which covered only 10 of the total land surface of the village in 1952 increased to 48 in 1999. A total of 44 woody species from 34 genera and 26 botanic families were recorded; out of which; 31 species were found in the protected area; 15 species in relatively recent fallows and 12 species in cultivated lands. Tree density in cultivated areas decreased as farmers' level of mechanization shifted from manual cultivation to partial ploughing; complete ploughing and motorized farming. On the other hand; tree species richness and density were higher both in the protected area and fallows than in cultivated lands confirming the key role that protection and fallowing play in the reconstitution of woody vegetation. Management of woody vegetation should take into account the level of mechanisation and the needs of farmers in order to sustain the production of indigenous trees on farms while allowing the intensification of the production of annual crops. |
State and trends of woody vegetation cover in the cotton-based farming system zone of Western Burkina Faso [] / Traore; O.Some; A. N.Traore; K.Nikiema; P. P.Some; K.Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles; Bobo Dioulasso . - [S.l.] : Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon, 2007 . - : Journal Article. - ( International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences; 1(1); 43-53) . ISSN : 1991-8631 Work : International Journal of Biological and Chemical SciencesLanguages : English | Keywords: | AgricultureCotton Fiber AgricultureCotton Fiber | | Abstract: | This study was carried out in Bala; a village located in the cotton-based farming system zone of Western Burkina Faso. The objective was to assess the effect of increased cotton cultivation on the spatial dynamics and structural characteristics of the woody vegetation. Using aerial photos; an analysis of the land use for the years 1952; 1981 and 1999 was carried out. An inventory covering 25 smallholders' fields and fallows as well as the vegetation of a protected area (biosphere reserve of hippopotamus ponds) was carried out to evaluate the gradients of tree species richness and density. The results showed drastic changes in land use in Bala between 1952 and 1999. Cultivated areas which covered only 10 of the total land surface of the village in 1952 increased to 48 in 1999. A total of 44 woody species from 34 genera and 26 botanic families were recorded; out of which; 31 species were found in the protected area; 15 species in relatively recent fallows and 12 species in cultivated lands. Tree density in cultivated areas decreased as farmers' level of mechanization shifted from manual cultivation to partial ploughing; complete ploughing and motorized farming. On the other hand; tree species richness and density were higher both in the protected area and fallows than in cultivated lands confirming the key role that protection and fallowing play in the reconstitution of woody vegetation. Management of woody vegetation should take into account the level of mechanisation and the needs of farmers in order to sustain the production of indigenous trees on farms while allowing the intensification of the production of annual crops. |
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| Title : | Effect of land use changes on some important soil properties in cotton-based farming system in Burkina Faso | | Authors: | Traore; O.Some; A. N.Traore; K.Somda; K. | | Publisher: | Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon | | Publication Date: | 2007 | | Series: | International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences No. 1(1); 7-14 | | Uniform Titles: |
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
| | Layout: | Journal Article | | ISSN (or other code): | 1991-8631 | | Languages : | English | | Keywords: | AgricultureCrops AgriculturalSoil MicrobiologySoil Pollutants AgricultureCrops AgriculturalSoil MicrobiologySoil Pollutants | | Abstract: | Continuous and intensive cropping without restoration of soil fertility has depleted the nutrient base of most soils in the semi arid zone. A field survey was carried out in 2000 in Bala village in the cotton production zone of western Burkina Faso to assess the effect of land use changes on soil chemical and physical changes. The methodology consisted of land use analysis at contrasted periods; field sampling and measurements; and farmers' interview. Land use analysis was done at three periods: 1952; 1981 and 1999. Soil samples were taken in farmers' fields selected on the basis of their equipment level and the cultivation duration. Two fallows were selected and considered as control situation. Aerial photos analysis showed that the proportion of the land under cultivation was increased at about 38.3 from 1952 to 1999. Soil chemical analysis showed that soil total P and K were significantly higher in soils manually cultivated than in soils cultivated with animals and tractors. Soil pH was lower in motorized farmers' fields than in the other categories. Soil organic matter and N content were not affected by all the studied factors. The percentage of sand in the soil increased with the performance of the equipment. The opposite situation was observed with soil silt content. Soil stability was not significantly affected by any of the factors. But the numerical values showed a more stable soil structure under fallows than when soils were cultivated. From the results; it appeared that the fundamental cause of land degradation in the area is the farming system than the nature of the crop being grown. |
Effect of land use changes on some important soil properties in cotton-based farming system in Burkina Faso [] / Traore; O.Some; A. N.Traore; K.Somda; K. . - [S.l.] : Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon, 2007 . - : Journal Article. - ( International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences; 1(1); 7-14) . ISSN : 1991-8631 Work : International Journal of Biological and Chemical SciencesLanguages : English | Keywords: | AgricultureCrops AgriculturalSoil MicrobiologySoil Pollutants AgricultureCrops AgriculturalSoil MicrobiologySoil Pollutants | | Abstract: | Continuous and intensive cropping without restoration of soil fertility has depleted the nutrient base of most soils in the semi arid zone. A field survey was carried out in 2000 in Bala village in the cotton production zone of western Burkina Faso to assess the effect of land use changes on soil chemical and physical changes. The methodology consisted of land use analysis at contrasted periods; field sampling and measurements; and farmers' interview. Land use analysis was done at three periods: 1952; 1981 and 1999. Soil samples were taken in farmers' fields selected on the basis of their equipment level and the cultivation duration. Two fallows were selected and considered as control situation. Aerial photos analysis showed that the proportion of the land under cultivation was increased at about 38.3 from 1952 to 1999. Soil chemical analysis showed that soil total P and K were significantly higher in soils manually cultivated than in soils cultivated with animals and tractors. Soil pH was lower in motorized farmers' fields than in the other categories. Soil organic matter and N content were not affected by all the studied factors. The percentage of sand in the soil increased with the performance of the equipment. The opposite situation was observed with soil silt content. Soil stability was not significantly affected by any of the factors. But the numerical values showed a more stable soil structure under fallows than when soils were cultivated. From the results; it appeared that the fundamental cause of land degradation in the area is the farming system than the nature of the crop being grown. |
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| Title : | Lipolytic activity from Rhizopus arrhizus using solid state fermentation in biphasic system. | | Authors: | Sasi; P.Banerjee; S.Debnath; M. | | Publisher: | Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon | | Publication Date: | 2007 | | Series: | International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences No. 1(1); 61-66 | | Uniform Titles: |
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
| | Layout: | Journal Article | | ISSN (or other code): | 1991-8631 | | Languages : | English | | Keywords: | Rhizopusmicroorganism fermentation extract [Substance Name]rice bran oil [Substance Name]Chelating Agents Rhizopusmicroorganism fermentation extract [Substance Name]rice bran oil [Substance Name]Chelating Agents | | Abstract: | The hydrolytic activity of extracellular lipases (Triacylglycerol hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) from Rhizopus arrhizus; in a water-organic solvent biphasic system was investigated. The purpose of the work was to examine the conditions for best lipolysis reactions by microbial lipase in microaqueous biphasic system with special emphasis on the involvement of surfactants; metal ions and a chelating agent in the system for biocatalysis and enzyme stability. The lipases were produced from a Rhizopus arrhizus strain; using rice bran as solid substrate; by solid state fermentation. The activity of lipases was found to be optimum at 30 oC and pH 6.5. The effect of different solvents on hydrolytic activity was carried out and isooctane was selected as the solvent of choice. The hydrolytic power exhibited by lipases in a biphasic system was compared with that displayed in aqueous system (phosphate buffer pH 6.5). The effects of various metal ions and a chelating agent on hydrolytic activity in biphasic system were also studied. Among the metal ions tested; Ca2+ had an activating effect; Zn2+; Cu2+; Co2+ and the chelating agent (EDTA) had little inhibitory effect; and Fe3+ showed the highest inhibitory effect. The activating effect of Ca2+ on hydrolytic activity was highest at pH 6.5. Mg2+; Na+ and K+ had no significant effect on lipolysis. The Km value for the enzyme in the solvent isooctane (Km = 91.6 mg/ml) was less as compared to the Km value in the buffer (Km =110 mg/ml). Among the surfactants tested; non-ionic surfactants had the highest effect with Triton X-100. |
Lipolytic activity from Rhizopus arrhizus using solid state fermentation in biphasic system. [] / Sasi; P.Banerjee; S.Debnath; M. . - [S.l.] : Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon, 2007 . - : Journal Article. - ( International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences; 1(1); 61-66) . ISSN : 1991-8631 Work : International Journal of Biological and Chemical SciencesLanguages : English | Keywords: | Rhizopusmicroorganism fermentation extract [Substance Name]rice bran oil [Substance Name]Chelating Agents Rhizopusmicroorganism fermentation extract [Substance Name]rice bran oil [Substance Name]Chelating Agents | | Abstract: | The hydrolytic activity of extracellular lipases (Triacylglycerol hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) from Rhizopus arrhizus; in a water-organic solvent biphasic system was investigated. The purpose of the work was to examine the conditions for best lipolysis reactions by microbial lipase in microaqueous biphasic system with special emphasis on the involvement of surfactants; metal ions and a chelating agent in the system for biocatalysis and enzyme stability. The lipases were produced from a Rhizopus arrhizus strain; using rice bran as solid substrate; by solid state fermentation. The activity of lipases was found to be optimum at 30 oC and pH 6.5. The effect of different solvents on hydrolytic activity was carried out and isooctane was selected as the solvent of choice. The hydrolytic power exhibited by lipases in a biphasic system was compared with that displayed in aqueous system (phosphate buffer pH 6.5). The effects of various metal ions and a chelating agent on hydrolytic activity in biphasic system were also studied. Among the metal ions tested; Ca2+ had an activating effect; Zn2+; Cu2+; Co2+ and the chelating agent (EDTA) had little inhibitory effect; and Fe3+ showed the highest inhibitory effect. The activating effect of Ca2+ on hydrolytic activity was highest at pH 6.5. Mg2+; Na+ and K+ had no significant effect on lipolysis. The Km value for the enzyme in the solvent isooctane (Km = 91.6 mg/ml) was less as compared to the Km value in the buffer (Km =110 mg/ml). Among the surfactants tested; non-ionic surfactants had the highest effect with Triton X-100. |
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| Title : | Comparative efficacy of diffusible and volatile compounds of tea rhizospheric isolates and their use in biocontrol | | Authors: | Sood; A.Sharma; S.Kumar; V. | | Publisher: | Dschang; International Formulae Group; Cameroon | | Publication Date: | 2007 | | Series: | International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences No. 1(1); 28-34 | | Uniform Titles: |
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
| | Layout: | Journal Article | | ISSN (or other code): | 1991-8631 | | Languages : | English | | Keywords: | rhiC protein Rhizobium leguminosarum [Substance Name]Antifungal Agents rhiC protein Rhizobium leguminosarum [Substance Name]Antifungal Agents | | Abstract: | An attempt was made to study in vitro production of antifungal substances by various strains of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas corrugata. These strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of established tea Camellia sinensis L. located in North West Indian Himalayan regions viz Himachal Himalayas and Garhwal Himalayas. Selected strains were checked for their biocontrol potential against two phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium udum and Alternaria solani and the antagonists were found to cause inhibition in radial growth of the fungi. This diffusible effect was attributed to the production of diffusible and volatile compounds which were found to be potent antifungal in nature. The antifungal substances in bacterial strains were found to be extracellular; proteinacious in nature. The colony forming units (cfu) of pathogenic fungi were reduced by the diffusible and volatile compounds produced by antagonists. The inhibition in cfu was more by volatile compounds than by diffusible compounds. The volatile compounds included aldehydes; alcohols; ketones; sulphides and HCN. |
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