4 result(s) search for keyword(s) 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis'    

Latent tuberculosis among adult Ethiopian patients at chest clinic, Tikuranbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia / Amsalu Bekele 

Public ISBD Title : Latent tuberculosis among adult Ethiopian patients at chest clinic, Tikuranbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Authors: Amsalu Bekele, Author ; Senait Ashenafi, Author ; Getachew Aderay, Author ; Getachew Assefa, Author ; Abraham Aseffa, Author ; Jan Anderssen, Author ; Susanna Brighenti, Author Publisher: Addis Ababa [Ethiopia] : Ethiopian Medical Association Publication Date: 2016 Series: Ethiopian Medical Journal, ISSN 0014-1755 No. 54(4) Pagination: p.181-188, fig., tab. Layout: Journal Article ISSN (or other code): 0014-1755 Languages : French Keywords: Latent Tuberculosis  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Prevalence  Adult  Cross-Sectional Studies  Ethiopia - Addis Ababa Abstract: Background: One-third of the world population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most people exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis showed no evidence of active disease. About 5-10% of latent tuberculosis infection without HIV will progress to developed active tuberculosis in their lifetimes. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of Latent TB among the adult population at a teaching and referral Hospital in Ethiopia.Methods: This study was conducted at the Chest clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital during 2010-2013.The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthy adults after informed consent was obtained from each individual. Tuberculin skin test and Interferon Gamma whole blood assay (Quantiferon-Tuberculosis-Gold) was performed using Enzyme linked Immuno-sorbent Assay. Average CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD4:CD8 ratio was determined for all study participants. Results:From a total of 70 healthy adults tested for latent tuberculosis infection using Quantiferon Gold,45(64%) tested positive and 25 (36%) were negative for latent tuberculosis infection. From the sixty six healthy individuals who were tested using tuberculin skin test for latent tuberculosis infection, 42 (62%) individuals were Tuberculin skin test positive and 25 (38%) individuals were Tuberculin skin test negative. Average CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD4:CD8 ratio was 748, 598, 1401 and 1.4, respectively. Conclusions: The magnitude of latent tuberculosis infection was high in this study, which reflects existing high prevalence of tuberculosis.Tuberculin skin test and Quantiferon-Tuberculosis-Goldassay show similar efficacy for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in healthy Ethiopian adults. The absolute CD4 T-cell counts of healthy HIV-negative Ethiopian's are considerably lower than other countries. Link for e-copy: http://www.emaemj.org/index.php/EMJ/article/view/85/pdf_84 Latent tuberculosis among adult Ethiopian patients at chest clinic, Tikuranbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [] / Amsalu Bekele, Author ; Senait Ashenafi, Author ; Getachew Aderay, Author ; Getachew Assefa, Author ; Abraham Aseffa, Author ; Jan Anderssen, Author ; Susanna Brighenti, Author . - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) : Ethiopian Medical Association, 2016 . - p.181-188, fig., tab. : Journal Article. - (Ethiopian Medical Journal, ISSN 0014-1755; 54(4)) . ISSN : 0014-1755 Languages : French Keywords: Latent Tuberculosis  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Prevalence  Adult  Cross-Sectional Studies  Ethiopia - Addis Ababa Abstract: Background: One-third of the world population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most people exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis showed no evidence of active disease. About 5-10% of latent tuberculosis infection without HIV will progress to developed active tuberculosis in their lifetimes. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of Latent TB among the adult population at a teaching and referral Hospital in Ethiopia.Methods: This study was conducted at the Chest clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital during 2010-2013.The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthy adults after informed consent was obtained from each individual. Tuberculin skin test and Interferon Gamma whole blood assay (Quantiferon-Tuberculosis-Gold) was performed using Enzyme linked Immuno-sorbent Assay. Average CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD4:CD8 ratio was determined for all study participants. Results:From a total of 70 healthy adults tested for latent tuberculosis infection using Quantiferon Gold,45(64%) tested positive and 25 (36%) were negative for latent tuberculosis infection. From the sixty six healthy individuals who were tested using tuberculin skin test for latent tuberculosis infection, 42 (62%) individuals were Tuberculin skin test positive and 25 (38%) individuals were Tuberculin skin test negative. Average CD4, CD8, CD3 and CD4:CD8 ratio was 748, 598, 1401 and 1.4, respectively. Conclusions: The magnitude of latent tuberculosis infection was high in this study, which reflects existing high prevalence of tuberculosis.Tuberculin skin test and Quantiferon-Tuberculosis-Goldassay show similar efficacy for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in healthy Ethiopian adults. The absolute CD4 T-cell counts of healthy HIV-negative Ethiopian's are considerably lower than other countries. Link for e-copy: http://www.emaemj.org/index.php/EMJ/article/view/85/pdf_84

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Methods of sputum decontamination with emphasis on local tuberculosis laboratories / S. I. B. Cadmus

Public ISBD Title : Methods of sputum decontamination with emphasis on local tuberculosis laboratories Authors: S. I. B. Cadmus ; O. I. Falodun, Author ; O. E. Fagade, Author Publisher: Lagos [Nigeria] : College of Medicine - University of Lagos Publication Date: 2011 Series: African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, ISSN 1119-3999 No. 40(1) Pagination: p.5-14, tab. Layout: Journal Article ISSN (or other code): 1116-4077 Languages : English Keywords: Tuberculosis - prevention and control  Decontamination - methods  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Sputum  Laboratories Abstract: One of the major goals for the global control of tuberculosis (TB) in humans is the laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the causative agent of TB. This organism is present in sputum specimens which are often contaminated by other fast growing microflora. Therefore; the use of rapid and effective diagnostic methods for optimal detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required through different decontamination methods. This review considers some of the decontamination methods that have been described for the recovery of M. tuberculosis based on published print and electronic articles. Some of these methods have limitations which may make them unsuitable for use in most local laboratories in the developing world; and these include unavailability of essential reagents and materials; cost of acquiring equipment; lack of skilled personnel and undue delay in the time of processing samples. Despite these challenges; there are some methods that have potentials of being adapted for use in clinical mycobacteriology laboratories in developing countries particularly Nigeria. With the correct laboratory logistics put in place; the simplified concentration; Kudoh-Kudoh; and modified Petroff methods may go a long way in achieving effective sputum decontaminations under local setting. The potentials and challenges of using other decontamination methods are discussed. Methods of sputum decontamination with emphasis on local tuberculosis laboratories [] / S. I. B. Cadmus ; O. I. Falodun, Author ; O. E. Fagade, Author . - Lagos (Nigeria) : College of Medicine - University of Lagos, 2011 . - p.5-14, tab. : Journal Article. - (African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, ISSN 1119-3999; 40(1)) . ISSN : 1116-4077 Languages : English Keywords: Tuberculosis - prevention and control  Decontamination - methods  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Sputum  Laboratories Abstract: One of the major goals for the global control of tuberculosis (TB) in humans is the laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the causative agent of TB. This organism is present in sputum specimens which are often contaminated by other fast growing microflora. Therefore; the use of rapid and effective diagnostic methods for optimal detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required through different decontamination methods. This review considers some of the decontamination methods that have been described for the recovery of M. tuberculosis based on published print and electronic articles. Some of these methods have limitations which may make them unsuitable for use in most local laboratories in the developing world; and these include unavailability of essential reagents and materials; cost of acquiring equipment; lack of skilled personnel and undue delay in the time of processing samples. Despite these challenges; there are some methods that have potentials of being adapted for use in clinical mycobacteriology laboratories in developing countries particularly Nigeria. With the correct laboratory logistics put in place; the simplified concentration; Kudoh-Kudoh; and modified Petroff methods may go a long way in achieving effective sputum decontaminations under local setting. The potentials and challenges of using other decontamination methods are discussed.

Some risk factors associated with acid-alcohol-fast bacilli in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Jos, Central Nigeria / E. I. Bigwan 

Public ISBD Title : Some risk factors associated with acid-alcohol-fast bacilli in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Jos, Central Nigeria Authors: E. I. Bigwan ; M. C. Ohaeri, Author ; David Elijah, Author ; Florence D. Wakjissa, Author ; Z. Sheyin, Author Publisher: Ife-Ife [Nigeria] : African Ethnomedicines Network Publication Date: 2014 Series: African Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 2006-0165 No. 8(2) Pagination: p.22-26, tab. Layout: Journal Article ISSN (or other code): 2006-0165 Languages : English Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Tuberculosis  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary  Risk Factors  Nigeria - Jos Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a very serious public health problem due to its high tendency of person to person transmission; morbidity; and mortality. This study aimed at determining some risk factors associated with the prevalence of acid-alcohol-fast-bacilli (AAFB) within the study area. Materials and Methods: Sputum samples were collected from three hundred and three (303) patients with suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Jos. The samples were examined using Ziehl Neelson method. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain some demographic data from patients that consented. Results were tested statistically for significance at p 0.05 using Chi-square test. Results: Out of the samples examined; 29 (9.60); were positive for AAFB. The study showed that the prevalence of smear-positive increased with increase in number of persons sharing the same room. Statistically the study reveals that some risk factors such as alcoholism; cigarette smoking and number of persons staying in a household had a significant effects on the prevalence (p 0.05);while HIV status had no significant effect on the prevalence (p 0.05). Conclusion: There was high prevalence of AAFB in the study area especially among people living in poor/congested housing facilities and people with HIV/AIDS. This calls for more collaborative efforts and political will by government and non-governmental agencies in order to eradicate the infection rate within the area; and the country at large. Some risk factors associated with acid-alcohol-fast bacilli in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Jos, Central Nigeria [] / E. I. Bigwan ; M. C. Ohaeri, Author ; David Elijah, Author ; Florence D. Wakjissa, Author ; Z. Sheyin, Author . - Ife-Ife (Nigeria) : African Ethnomedicines Network, 2014 . - p.22-26, tab. : Journal Article. - (African Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 2006-0165; 8(2)) . ISSN : 2006-0165 Languages : English Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Tuberculosis  Tuberculosis, Pulmonary  Risk Factors  Nigeria - Jos Abstract: Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a very serious public health problem due to its high tendency of person to person transmission; morbidity; and mortality. This study aimed at determining some risk factors associated with the prevalence of acid-alcohol-fast-bacilli (AAFB) within the study area. Materials and Methods: Sputum samples were collected from three hundred and three (303) patients with suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Jos. The samples were examined using Ziehl Neelson method. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain some demographic data from patients that consented. Results were tested statistically for significance at p 0.05 using Chi-square test. Results: Out of the samples examined; 29 (9.60); were positive for AAFB. The study showed that the prevalence of smear-positive increased with increase in number of persons sharing the same room. Statistically the study reveals that some risk factors such as alcoholism; cigarette smoking and number of persons staying in a household had a significant effects on the prevalence (p 0.05);while HIV status had no significant effect on the prevalence (p 0.05). Conclusion: There was high prevalence of AAFB in the study area especially among people living in poor/congested housing facilities and people with HIV/AIDS. This calls for more collaborative efforts and political will by government and non-governmental agencies in order to eradicate the infection rate within the area; and the country at large.

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Aspects radiographiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire / S. Sidibé

Public ISBD Title : Aspects radiographiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire Authors: S. Sidibé ; M. Kane, Author ; D. Kayentao, Author ; A. D. Keita, Author ; D. Keita, Author ; S. Sangare, Author ; I. Traoré, Author Publisher: Bamako [Mali] : Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie Publication Date: 1996 Series: Mali Médical, ISSN 0464-7874 No. 11(1-2) Pagination: p.2-5, fig., tab. Layout: Journal Article ISSN (or other code): NA Languages : French Keywords: Tuberculose pulmonaire - diagnostic  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Radiographie thoracique  Patients hospitalisés  Mali Abstract: 162 patients (41 femmes; 121 hommes); hospitalisés pour toux ; et qui étaient tous bacillifères au moment de la réalisation de la radiographie thoracique d'admission; ont été inclus dans cette étude. Aucun de ces patients n'avait bénéficié de traitement antituberculeux avant hospitalisation. Le but de ce travail était de décrire les aspects radiologiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire. Seul le cliché thoracique d'admission à l'hôpital a été retenu pour l'étude qui a consisté à une relecture systématique des radiographies après avoir divise chaque poumon en deux champs séparés par une ligne imaginaire passant par les hiles sur le cliché thoracique de face. Les lésions siégeaient dans les champs supérieurs dans 89 cas (54;94 pour cent); inferieurs dans 21 cas (2;96 pour cent) et au moins deux champs dans 52 cas (32;10 pour cent) [P5 pour cent]. Les anomalies radiologiques étaient de type parenchymateux dans 138 cas (85;19 pour cent); et mixte (parenchymateux et extraparenchymenteux) dans 524 cas. Parmi les anomalies parenchymateuses; nous avons note des nodules dans 75 cas (54;35 pour cent); des foyers alvéolaires dans 13 cas (9;42 pour cent) des cavernes dans 17 cas (12;32 pour cent) et une association de lésions dans 33 cas (23;91 pour cent) [P 1 pour cent]. Les images nodulaires étaient des micros ou macronodules groupées en amas de petit nombre dans 64 cas (85;33 pour cent); et de type miliaire dans 11 cas (14;67 pour cent) [P 1 pour cent]. Les auteurs concluent que la mise en évidence; de lésions nodulaires; groupées en amas de petit nombre surtout dans le champ supérieur des poumons doit emmener les cliniciens à rechercher systématiquement le bacille de Koch dans les crachats; en une d'une prise en charge thérapeutique précoce. Aspects radiographiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire [] / S. Sidibé ; M. Kane, Author ; D. Kayentao, Author ; A. D. Keita, Author ; D. Keita, Author ; S. Sangare, Author ; I. Traoré, Author . - Bamako (Mali) : Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie, 1996 . - p.2-5, fig., tab. : Journal Article. - (Mali Médical, ISSN 0464-7874; 11(1-2)) . ISSN : NA Languages : French Keywords: Tuberculose pulmonaire - diagnostic  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  Radiographie thoracique  Patients hospitalisés  Mali Abstract: 162 patients (41 femmes; 121 hommes); hospitalisés pour toux ; et qui étaient tous bacillifères au moment de la réalisation de la radiographie thoracique d'admission; ont été inclus dans cette étude. Aucun de ces patients n'avait bénéficié de traitement antituberculeux avant hospitalisation. Le but de ce travail était de décrire les aspects radiologiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire. Seul le cliché thoracique d'admission à l'hôpital a été retenu pour l'étude qui a consisté à une relecture systématique des radiographies après avoir divise chaque poumon en deux champs séparés par une ligne imaginaire passant par les hiles sur le cliché thoracique de face. Les lésions siégeaient dans les champs supérieurs dans 89 cas (54;94 pour cent); inferieurs dans 21 cas (2;96 pour cent) et au moins deux champs dans 52 cas (32;10 pour cent) [P5 pour cent]. Les anomalies radiologiques étaient de type parenchymateux dans 138 cas (85;19 pour cent); et mixte (parenchymateux et extraparenchymenteux) dans 524 cas. Parmi les anomalies parenchymateuses; nous avons note des nodules dans 75 cas (54;35 pour cent); des foyers alvéolaires dans 13 cas (9;42 pour cent) des cavernes dans 17 cas (12;32 pour cent) et une association de lésions dans 33 cas (23;91 pour cent) [P 1 pour cent]. Les images nodulaires étaient des micros ou macronodules groupées en amas de petit nombre dans 64 cas (85;33 pour cent); et de type miliaire dans 11 cas (14;67 pour cent) [P 1 pour cent]. Les auteurs concluent que la mise en évidence; de lésions nodulaires; groupées en amas de petit nombre surtout dans le champ supérieur des poumons doit emmener les cliniciens à rechercher systématiquement le bacille de Koch dans les crachats; en une d'une prise en charge thérapeutique précoce.