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| Title : | Accessibility of Medicines and Primary Health Care: the Impact of the Revolving Drug Fund in Khartoum State | | Authors: | Mohamed Ali; G. K. | | Publisher: | Academic Journals | | Publication Date: | 2009 | | Series: | African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, ISSN 1996-0816 No. 3(3); 70-77 | | Uniform Titles: |
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
| | Layout: | Journal Article | | ISSN (or other code): | 1996-0816 | | Languages : | English | | Keywords: | Pharmaceutical Preparations supply et distributionPrimary Health CareFees and Charges Pharmaceutical Preparations supply et distributionPrimary Health CareFees and Charges | | Abstract: | This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of a country where a revolving drug fund (RDF) has lasted for fifteen years and serves more than three million patients annually; with more than SDG 2.8 million (Sudanese Pound) (US$11.1 million) annual turn over. Regardless of the fact that the supply of medicines and improvement in public health facilities utilization are among the main objectives of user fees policy; there is little information on the effect of RDF on accessibility of essential medicines and its impact on the utilization of public health services where RDF schemes have been introduced. We measured the percentage of prescribed medicines dispensed to patients in selected health facilities (both RDF and non-RDF); the availability of essential medicines in a twelve month period in order to determine whether the cost of the medicines is a barrier to utilization of public health services with RDF scheme in Khartoum State (KS). Structured interviews with users (186); personal observations; and archival as well as statistical records were used to capture data of interest relevant to the study objective. The average availability rate of key items was greater (93) in the RDF facilities compared to 86in non-RDF facilities. RDF records also showed that the availability of medicines in the RDF health facilities ranged from 95 to 100in the twelve months period studied. Data from the household survey; demonstrated that over a third (36) of respondents did not consult public health facilities when a member of a household was ill two weeks prior to the date of interview. Of note; only 9of them said that this was because of unavailability of medicines. This study suggests that the RDF scheme adopted by KS made essential medicines available at its health facilities and increased health services utilization compared to those without RDF scheme. Therefore; sustained availability of low cost medicines near where people live that benefit previously disadvantaged poor population; particularly the vulnerable rural groups is achievable through RDF |
Accessibility of Medicines and Primary Health Care: the Impact of the Revolving Drug Fund in Khartoum State [] / Mohamed Ali; G. K. . - 73023 Victoria Island, Nigeria : Academic Journals, 2009 . - : Journal Article. - ( African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, ISSN 1996-0816; 3(3); 70-77) . ISSN : 1996-0816 Work : African Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyLanguages : English | Keywords: | Pharmaceutical Preparations supply et distributionPrimary Health CareFees and Charges Pharmaceutical Preparations supply et distributionPrimary Health CareFees and Charges | | Abstract: | This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of a country where a revolving drug fund (RDF) has lasted for fifteen years and serves more than three million patients annually; with more than SDG 2.8 million (Sudanese Pound) (US$11.1 million) annual turn over. Regardless of the fact that the supply of medicines and improvement in public health facilities utilization are among the main objectives of user fees policy; there is little information on the effect of RDF on accessibility of essential medicines and its impact on the utilization of public health services where RDF schemes have been introduced. We measured the percentage of prescribed medicines dispensed to patients in selected health facilities (both RDF and non-RDF); the availability of essential medicines in a twelve month period in order to determine whether the cost of the medicines is a barrier to utilization of public health services with RDF scheme in Khartoum State (KS). Structured interviews with users (186); personal observations; and archival as well as statistical records were used to capture data of interest relevant to the study objective. The average availability rate of key items was greater (93) in the RDF facilities compared to 86in non-RDF facilities. RDF records also showed that the availability of medicines in the RDF health facilities ranged from 95 to 100in the twelve months period studied. Data from the household survey; demonstrated that over a third (36) of respondents did not consult public health facilities when a member of a household was ill two weeks prior to the date of interview. Of note; only 9of them said that this was because of unavailability of medicines. This study suggests that the RDF scheme adopted by KS made essential medicines available at its health facilities and increased health services utilization compared to those without RDF scheme. Therefore; sustained availability of low cost medicines near where people live that benefit previously disadvantaged poor population; particularly the vulnerable rural groups is achievable through RDF |
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http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int/iah/fulltext/AJPP/vol.3(3)/Mohamed 70-77.pdfURL | | |
| Title : | Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Stem Bark Extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn) | | Authors: | Igbinosa; O. O.Igbinosa; E. O.Aiyegoro; O. A. | | Publisher: | Academic Journals | | Publication Date: | 2009 | | Series: | African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, ISSN 1996-0816 No. 3(2); 58-62 | | Uniform Titles: |
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
| | Layout: | Journal Article | | ISSN (or other code): | 1996-0816 | | Languages : | English | | Keywords: | curcin protein Jatropha curcasPlant ExtractsAnti-Infective Agents curcin protein Jatropha curcasPlant ExtractsAnti-Infective Agents | | Abstract: | The in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic; methanolic and water extracts of the stem bark of Jatropha curcas were investigated. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 5 to 12; 8 to 20 and 0 to 8 mm for ethanol; methanol and water extracts respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract was between 0.5 and 6.25 mgml-1 while that of methanol extract ranged from 0.5 to 10 mgml-1. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for ethanol extract ranged between 2.0 and 12.50 mgml-1; while that of methanol ranged from 2.0 to 20 mgml-1. Again all the extracts exhibited appreciable activity against all the fungal species investigated. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts against the test fungal species ranged between 15 and 18; 15 and 20 and 5 and 10 mm for ethanol; methanol and water extracts respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin; steroids; tannin; glycosides; alkaloids and flavonoids in the extracts. The ability of the crude stem extracts of J. curcas to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential which may be employed in the management of microbial infections. |
Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Stem Bark Extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn) [] / Igbinosa; O. O.Igbinosa; E. O.Aiyegoro; O. A. . - 73023 Victoria Island, Nigeria : Academic Journals, 2009 . - : Journal Article. - ( African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, ISSN 1996-0816; 3(2); 58-62) . ISSN : 1996-0816 Work : African Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyLanguages : English | Keywords: | curcin protein Jatropha curcasPlant ExtractsAnti-Infective Agents curcin protein Jatropha curcasPlant ExtractsAnti-Infective Agents | | Abstract: | The in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic; methanolic and water extracts of the stem bark of Jatropha curcas were investigated. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 5 to 12; 8 to 20 and 0 to 8 mm for ethanol; methanol and water extracts respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract was between 0.5 and 6.25 mgml-1 while that of methanol extract ranged from 0.5 to 10 mgml-1. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for ethanol extract ranged between 2.0 and 12.50 mgml-1; while that of methanol ranged from 2.0 to 20 mgml-1. Again all the extracts exhibited appreciable activity against all the fungal species investigated. The zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts against the test fungal species ranged between 15 and 18; 15 and 20 and 5 and 10 mm for ethanol; methanol and water extracts respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin; steroids; tannin; glycosides; alkaloids and flavonoids in the extracts. The ability of the crude stem extracts of J. curcas to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential which may be employed in the management of microbial infections. |
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E-copies: Download the digital copy of the document
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http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int/iah/fulltext/AJPP/vol.3(2)/Igbinosa 58-62.pdfURL | | |
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Accessibility of Medicines and Primary Health Care: the Impact of the Revolving Drug Fund in Khartoum State
